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Plus: Players playing the most consecutive minutes; Stephen Pound MP and the parliamentary Fulham XI; and Nobel Prize winners representing their countries. Send your questions and answers to knowledge@guardian.co.uk and follow us on Twitter

"When a penalty kick is saved and the ball rebounds off the goalkeeper and back into play there is often something of a stramash in the penalty area, and yet despite the melee I don't think I've ever seen a referee immediately award another penalty as a result of further foul play," wrote James Crane a few weeks ago. "I'm assuming this must have happened at some stage, therefore I would ask what is the shortest time between a referee awarding two penalties in this circumstance?"

First here's Claudio Kristeller: "In a match between Palmeiras and Avaí in last year's Brazilian Championship, Palmeiras shot a penalty, the keeper saved it, but the ref saw a foul in the fight for the rebound and awarded another penalty. It took about seven seconds from the first kick to the whistle (about five minutes in):

But this year Athletic Bilbao and Malaga were even quicker off the mark, writes Claudio Gameiro. Again the penalty incidents are around five minutes in:

Less than two seconds after Bilbao smacked the first kick against the bar, Malaga conceded another. Seen two penalties in a shorter space of time? Let us know at the usual address.

"Having read that Martin Skrtel and Leighton Baines played every minute of the Premier League season, I wondered which player has played the most consecutive minutes over more than one season," writes Peter Ungphakorn.

Two chief contenders here – Harold Bell and Sepp Maier. Bell holds the British record for most consecutive appearances – 401 between 1946 and 1955. Substitutions were not introduced until 1965, so it is possible that Bell played 36,090 consecutive minutes.

Similarly, Maier made 442 consecutive appearances for Bayern Munich between 1966 and 1979 – a grand total of 39,780 uninterrupted minutes.

Last week we looked at the footballers who have been namechecked in the House of Lords, with Michael Howard's 1994 World Cup optimism and John Wells' 1984 assertion that Glenn Hoddle and Bryan Robson should be the British leaders in the event of an apocalypse particular favourites. But in terms of sheer numbers and, it seems, premeditated action, Stephen Pound deserves special mention. The MP for Ealing North managed to shoehorn an entire Fulham first XI (and a couple of subs) into a debate on the Planning and Energy Bill in May 2008:

"I thank my hon. Friend for the positive way in which he is approaching this excellent Bill. New clause 1 would introduce a requirement to exceed building regulations – a Merton plus, plus model. In view of the work done by experts such as McBride and Healey, is it not the case that the building regulations will always be exceeded, regardless of what they are?"

"My hon. Friend underlines in many ways the importance of this Bill promoted by the hon. Member for Sevenoaks (Mr. Fallon). However, I am concerned about whether there is a lacuna in the area of education. I think of my constituent, Mr. Simon Davies, who told me about the house built in south Wales by my hon. and learned Friend the Member for Medway (Mr. Marshall-Andrews), which is known as the "Teletubbies house" and is built almost entirely underground and covered with what he calls organic insulation and the rest of us call grass."

"My hon. Friend refers principally to thermal insulation, but he is on to something quite important with regard to sound attenuation. On the point about the amount of development in inner-London constituencies, in my area, even where there are cellars – or Kasey Kellers as people call them locally – people have tried to build there. Given his discussions with the Thermal Insulation Manufacturers and Suppliers Association, was he aware of any part of its remit that includes the benign combination of thermal and sound insulation in the same material?"

"I do not think that there will be many arguments in the House today except on points of detail. My hon. Friend referred to forward-thinking local authorities. I appreciate that we cannot introduce retrospective legislation, or retrofit legislation, and a builder such as Murphys in my constituency will say that it is perfectly happy and comfortable with the requirements for extensions and new build, but is there not a danger that we could end up with a two-tier system where older converted properties are energy-inefficient and the modern ones are efficient?"

Bearing in mind your rigid strictures, Madam Deputy Speaker, I will not give the warm words of praise to that eager partnership that I would have given otherwise. My hon. Friend's new clause 1 is permissive: he is saying what a local authority may do, not what it shall do, which is implicit in the Bill as drafted. House prices are falling. If one talks to builders such as Mr. Dempsey in my constituency, to whom I talked last week, they will say that in a falling house market, margins are shaved.

I have mentioned former local government planning officers, who seem to work as consultants nowadays. Many of them will be as busy as Jimmy Bullard, as we say in west London, trying to find their way around words such as "reasonable" and around the permissive nature of "may".

My hon. Friend makes an extremely important point, which is relevant to home information packs, although I do not wish to rehash the whole argument that we had on those. His point chimes with mine, in that, by and large, we tend to seek examples of good practice that have commercial benefit. I remember visiting a property in a place called Hangeland, in Norway, where they use a commercially driven system of heat insulation, not just because that is environmentally correct, but because it is an advantage to do so in that part of the world.

There is no point whatever in having energy-efficient homes if people do not want to live in them or if they cost too much. Prefabs are very popular; Baird Avenue in my constituency was built before the war and it is very popular.

Does my hon. Friend agree that it matters not whether a person is called Konchesky or Stalteri, and that what matters is the home that they need, not their origins?

The hon. Gentleman is to be congratulated on the way in which he has promoted the Bill. He has not used some of the more flashy and apocalyptic images. He has been more of a Barrington than a Dexter, more of a Gooch than a Gower and more of an Erik Nevland than a Diomansy Kamara. His taut, sparse, precise, elegant Bill has been all the better for that.

Thanks to John-Paul Flaherty for bringing Pound's efforts to our attention.

"After noticing that the German side who won the European Under-21 Championships last weekend had four full internationals in their number," wrote Oliver White in 2009, "I was wondering which U21 champions had provided the most full caps for their country. Any ideas?"

Of the German side that beat England in Malmo last Monday Mesut Ozil, Andreas Beck, Gonzalo Castro and the goalkeeper Manuel Neuer had all made appearances for the full side, and given time there's no reason why more can't join that number. In fact, the 2009 winners have already outstripped their Dutch counterparts from 2007, from whom only three players who played in the final win over Serbia have now played for the senior Netherlands side (though, obviously, they've still got plenty of time to add to that number).

In terms of sheer numbers, the Spain side that won the 1986 tournament come out on top. Back then the final was played over two legs and of the 17 players that took to the field against an Italian side that featured Walter Zenga, Gianluca Vialli and Roberto Mancini among their number, 14 went on to win full honours.

But in terms of the percentage of players who went on to win senior caps, the Czech Republic, winners in 2002, have the upper hand. The Czechs won the title in a shoot-out against France and, of the 14 players who took the field, 13 have since won full honours. Indeed much of that Under-21 side has provided the backbone of the Czech side at Euro 2004 and Euro 2008, as well as the 2006 World Cup. Only Michael Pospisil has missed out.

Contrastingly, Italy have the worst record in this regard. Fourteen players played in the two legs against Sweden in 1992 but just four of their number have made appearances for the Azzurri, while only five of the 11 to take the field in 1996 did likewise. It's only fair to point out, though, that those five were Christian Panucci, Alessandro Nesta, Fabio Cannavaro, Francesco Totti and renowned philanthropist Damiano Tommasi. Not a bad haul from one youth team.

1978 Yugoslavia 13 out of 15 (over two legs): Stojanovic, Vujkov, Zajec, Stojkovic, Bogdan, Krmpotic, Bosnjak, Halilhodzic, Klincarski, Desnica, Sliskovic, Obradovic, Savic.

1980 USSR 13 out of 16 (over two legs): Tchanov, Kaplun, Baltacha, Darasselia, Susloparov, Bal, Khapsalis, Petrakov, Khachatryan (Armenia), Shengelia, Prudnikov, Novikov, Gassaev.

1982 England five out of 14 (over two legs): Thomas, Fenwick, Lee, Duxbury, Goddard.

1984 England 11 out of 17 (two legs): Bailey, Sterland, Pickering, Stevens, Bracewell, Watson, Wallace, Hateley, Hodge, Thomas, Chamberlain.

1986 Spain 14 out of 17 (two legs): Ablanedo, Solana, Sanchez Flores, Sanchis, Andrinua, Caldere, Francisco Llorente, Eusebio, Pardeza, Roberto, Olaya, Gallego, Juan Carlos, Vazquez.

1988 France 11 out of 17 (two legs): Silvestre (no, not that one), Despeyroux, Roche, Sauzee, Paille, Guerin, Cantona (yes, that one), Martini, Passi, Dogon, Blanc.

1990 USSR nine out of 14 (two legs): Kiriakov, Sidelnikov, Pozdniakov, Kanchelskis, Shalimov, Kobelev, Dobrovolski, Kolyvanov, Mostovoi.

1992 Italy four out of 14 (two legs): Favalli, Dino Baggio, Melli, Albertini.

1994 Italy four out of 12 (one leg): Toldo, Cannavaro, Panucci, Inzaghi.

1996 Italy five out of 11: Panucci, Nesta, Cannavaro, Tommasi, Totti.

1998 Spain four out of 11: Salgado, Garcia Calvo, Ito, Guti.

2000 Italy six out of 13: Abbiati, Grandoni, Ferrari, Gattuso, Baronio, Pirlo.

2002 Czech Republic 13 out of 14: Cech, Jiranek, Kovac, Vorisek, Grygera, Zelenka, Polak, Baros, Vachousek, Pitak, Rozehnal, Hubschman, Skacel.

2004 Italy nine out of 14: Amelia, Bonera, Zaccardo, De Rossi, Palombo, Gilardino, Barzagli, Brighi, Mesto.

2006 Holland seven out of 13: Vlaar, Emanuelson, De Zeeuw, Schaars, Hofs, Huntelaar, Castelen.

2007 Holland three out of 14: Maduro, Drenthe, Babel.

[Archive addendum: you can now add Benedikt Höwedes, Jérôme Boateng, Sebastian Boenisch (albeit for Poland), Mats Hummels, Sami Khedira, Dennis Aogo and Marcel Schmelzer to those of the winning German side in 2009 to go on to play for the full national side – an impressive 11 from 14, second only to the 2002 Czechs. And also Erik Pieters, Roy Beerens and Otman Bakkal from the Dutch side of 2007 have gone on to play for the full side since the article was originally published.]

For thousands more questions and answers take a trip through the Knowledge archive

"With Rio Ferdinand having played his last two games at Wembley for Manchester United against Barcelona and then for England on Saturday against Switzerland, his next competitive game will likely be against Manchester City at Wembley again," notes Conan Jal. "What is the most consecutive Wembley appearances a player has made without playing at another ground in between?"

"Has any player ever played for more teams whose name begin with the same letter than Kaba Diawara?" muses Dudley Armitage. "At the last count Kaba, who currently plays for Arles-Avignon, has also played for Arsenal, Al-Gharrafa, Al-Kharitiyath, Ajaccio, Ankaragucu, and Alki Larnaca. That's seven by my reckoning. Surely no one can beat that?"

Send your questions and answers to knowledge@guardian.co.uk